Atropine 1mg/1ml
Each ampoule (1 ml) contains: Atropine sulphate 1 mg
Company Name
CID
Therapeutic Group
ANTISPASM+ANTICHOL PLAIN
Pharmaceutical form
Ampoule
Package
Box of 100 ampoules .
Indications
- In preanesthetic medication to reduce or prevent salivary and bronchial secretions. - To restore cardiac rate and arterial pressure during anesthesia. - To overcome severe bradycardia and syncope due to hyperactive carotid sinus reflex. - To lessen the degree of atrioventricular heart block when increased vagal tone which is a major factor in the conduction defects. - In acute arrhythmias and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation to block vagal activity. - Before or with neostigmine to prevent bradycardia, excessive salivation and other muscarinic action of neostigmine. - Due to its antimuscarinic action, atropine can be used to prevent bradycardia and hypotension associated with agents such as halothane, propofol and suxamethonium. - As an antidote in cardiovascular collapse resulting from the improper use of choline ester drug. - In the treatment of poisoning from organophosphorous insecticides and in the rapid type of mushroom poisoning due to presence of the muscarine alkaloid. - Sympathomimetic relief of GIT disorders characterized by smooth muscles spasm including irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. - Other indications : atropine can be used alone or adjuvant in the treatment of bronchial asthma and anoxic seizures.
Warning & Precautions
Atropine should be used with caution in the following cases:- - Down's syndrome, children, elderly , chronic lung diseases and in myasthenia gravis . - In cardiovascular disorders such as tachycardia, hypertension or myocardial infarction. - Diarrhea, gastro esophageal reflux disease and ulcerative colitis . N.B.: Do not administer unless the solution is clear and seal is intact. Pregnancy: Atropine should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed.
Product Type
human
Dosage
Adults: - Premedication: ( 0.3 - 0.6 )mg either I.V. immediately before induction of anesthesia or I.M. ( 30 – 60 )minutes before induction and in increment doses of 0.1 mg for treatment of bradycardia. N.B. if the used anesthetic agents is cyclopropane, doses less than 0.4 mg should be used and be given slowly to avoid the possible production of ventricular arrhythmias. - For Brady arrhythmia : (0.4 -1) mg I.V. every 1 to 2 hours as needed up to 2 mg as maximum. - In cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 3 mg I.V. as a single dose to block vagal activity. - For arrhythmias after myocardial infarction: (0.3 - 1) mg I.V. if the initial dose is effective it may be repeated if necessary. - For control of muscarinic side effects of neostigmine: (0.6 - 1.2) mg I.V. - As antidote to organophosphorous insecticides: a large dose of at least (2 - 3) mg parenterally repeated until the signs of atropine intoxication appear. - As antidote to the rapid mushroom poisoning: atropine should be given in doses sufficient to control parasympathomimetic signs before coma and cardiovascular collapse supervene. Children: - For preanesthetic medication: 0.01mg in newborn infants increased to 0.06 mg in children aged 12 years to be injected S.C. 30 min. before surgery. - For bradyarrythmia: ( 0.01-0.03 )mg / kg B.W. to be injected I.V.
Adverse Reactions
The adverse effects are related to its antimuscarinic activity including:- - Transient bradycardia (followed by tachycardia, palpitations and arrhythmias). - Dilated pupils, difficulty of swallowing, thirst, hot dry skin, dizziness, restlessness, fatigue, tremors and ataxia may occur. - Constipation and difficulty in micturition may occur in elderly patients . - Hypersensitivity reactions may rarely occur such as skin rash .
Contra Indications
Atropine is contra-indicated in the following cases except in doses ordinarily for preanesthetic medication: - Angle-closure glaucoma . - In pyloric stenosis ( may be converted to complete obstruction). - In prostatic hypertrophy ( may cause urine retention). - In asthmatic patients (cause inspissations of bronchial secretions and formation of dangerous viscid plugs) . - In paralytic ileus.
Drug Interactions
- The effects of Atropine may be enhanced by concomitant use with other drugs have antimuscarinic properties as amantadine, some anti-histaminics, phenothiazine anti-psychotics , and tricyclic antidepressants . - Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes by MAOIs, may possible enhances the effects of antimuscarinics . - Antimuscarinics and parasympathomimetics may counteract each other effects .
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